{"id":1276,"date":"2024-03-28T15:00:25","date_gmt":"2024-03-28T15:00:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/jita-au.com\/?p=1276"},"modified":"2024-04-03T09:52:02","modified_gmt":"2024-04-03T09:52:02","slug":"digitalization-of-sound-using-pulse-code-modulationpcm","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jita-au.com\/index.php\/2024\/03\/28\/digitalization-of-sound-using-pulse-code-modulationpcm\/","title":{"rendered":"Digitalization of Sound Using Pulse Code Modulation(PCM)"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"1276\" class=\"elementor elementor-1276\" data-elementor-settings=\"{&quot;ha_cmc_init_switcher&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e232701 elementor-section-height-min-height elementor-section-full_width elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-items-middle wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no\" data-id=\"e232701\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-cb97594\" data-id=\"cb97594\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a18c791 elementor-widget__width-inherit ha-has-bg-overlay elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a18c791\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Vol. 13 No. 1 (2023): JITA - APEIRON<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2fff26 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b2fff26\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><b>Sini\u0161a Tomi\u0107, Dalibor Drlja\u010da<\/b><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-52044bb elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"52044bb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c82606 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1c82606\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Digitalization of Sound Using Pulse Code Modulation\n(PCM)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c297c9e elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c297c9e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e99dfa0 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e99dfa0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Original scientific paper<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22179ed elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"22179ed\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">DOI: <a href=\"http:\/\/localhost\/mytestingsite\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/PVTC-Technical-Requirements.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7251\/JIT2301042T<\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f3b63f elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"2f3b63f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/jita-au.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/9887-Article-Text-22677-1-10-20230715.pdf\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Download Article PDF<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cb7c4cb elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cb7c4cb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Abstract<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61aebe3 elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"61aebe3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>This paper focuses on Pulse Code Modulation (PCM) as a technology for digitizing analog signals. PCM is a widely used technique that enables precise encoding and transmission of analog information through digital pulse signals. The basic principles of PCM are explained here. PCM converts an analog signal into a digital form through sampling, quantization, and encoding. Sampling refers to the conversion of a continuous analog signal into discrete samples at regular time intervals. Then, quantization is applied to round each sample to the nearest possible quantization value, reducing the continuous range of values to discrete levels. Afterward, each quantized sample is encoded into a digital form. PCM is commonly used in various communication systems as well as in digital audio processing. In communication systems, PCM enables reliable transmission of voice signals, music, and other audio content over digital networks. In digital audio processing, PCM is used for recording, playback, and manipulation of sound, enabling high-quality reproduction and precise processing.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5c5f19e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5c5f19e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Keywords: PCM, Pulse Code Modulation, Analog Signal Digitization, Sampling, Quantization, Pulse Signals.<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6dd494a wpr-logo-position-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-wpr-logo\" data-id=\"6dd494a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"wpr-logo.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wpr-logo elementor-clearfix\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<picture class=\"wpr-logo-image\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/jita-au.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/cc-by-1.png\" alt=\"\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"wpr-logo-url\" rel=\"home\" aria-label=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/jita-au.com\/\"><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/picture>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"wpr-logo-url\" rel=\"home\" aria-label=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/jita-au.com\/\"><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cb049d1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-shortcode\" data-id=\"cb049d1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"shortcode.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shortcode\"><div class=\"post-views content-post post-1276 entry-meta load-static\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"post-views-icon dashicons dashicons-chart-bar\"><\/span> <span class=\"post-views-label\">Post Views:<\/span> <span class=\"post-views-count\">811<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-511d0df elementor-section-height-min-height elementor-section-full_width elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-laptop elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-items-middle wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no\" data-id=\"511d0df\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0acee9c\" data-id=\"0acee9c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c0e98b3 elementor-widget__width-inherit ha-has-bg-overlay elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c0e98b3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Vol. 26 No. 2 (2023): JITA - APEIRON<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e6b43c5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e6b43c5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><strong>Igor Shubinsky, <\/strong>\n<strong> Alexey Ozerov<\/strong><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-68f1849 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"68f1849\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-186a6b2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"186a6b2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Application of Artificial Intelligence Methods for the Prediction of Hazardous Failures<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7b2f501 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"7b2f501\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5027126 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5027126\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Original scientific paper<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4a5312c elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4a5312c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">DOI: <a href=\"http:\/\/localhost\/mytestingsite\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/PVTC-Technical-Requirements.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7251\/JIT2302061S<\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8d7a912 elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"8d7a912\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/jita-au.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/10430-Article-Text-23890-1-10-20240103.pdf\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Download Article PDF<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-580ffd3 elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"580ffd3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Abstract<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-211717e elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"211717e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The availability of real-time data on the state of railway facilities and the state-of-the art technologies for data collection and analysis allow transition to the fourth generation maintenance. It is based on the prediction of the facility functional safety and dependability and the risk-oriented facility management. The article describes an approach to assessing the risks of hazardous facility failures using the latest digital data processing methods. The implementation of this approach will help set maintenance objectives and contribute to the efficient use of resources and the reduction of railway facility managers\u2019 expenditures.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-62b72c3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"62b72c3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Keywords: predictive analysis, maintenance, functional safety, Big Data, Data Science, risk indicators.<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f4dcd16 wpr-logo-position-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-wpr-logo\" data-id=\"f4dcd16\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"wpr-logo.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wpr-logo elementor-clearfix\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<picture class=\"wpr-logo-image\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/jita-au.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/cc-by-1.png\" alt=\"\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"wpr-logo-url\" rel=\"home\" aria-label=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/jita-au.com\/\"><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/picture>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"wpr-logo-url\" rel=\"home\" aria-label=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/jita-au.com\/\"><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0f73093 elementor-widget elementor-widget-shortcode\" data-id=\"0f73093\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"shortcode.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shortcode\"><div class=\"post-views content-post post-1276 entry-meta load-static\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"post-views-icon dashicons dashicons-chart-bar\"><\/span> <span class=\"post-views-label\">Post Views:<\/span> <span class=\"post-views-count\">811<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2d980b8 elementor-section-height-min-height elementor-section-full_width elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-laptop elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-items-middle wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no\" data-id=\"2d980b8\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-d772afa\" data-id=\"d772afa\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5597455 elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget-mobile__width-inherit ha-has-bg-overlay elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5597455\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Vol. 26 No. 2 (2023): JITA - APEIRON<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f3e70ee elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f3e70ee\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><strong>Igor Shubinsky, <\/strong>\n<strong> Alexey Ozerov<\/strong><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b0a72e2 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"b0a72e2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-87a3678 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"87a3678\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Application of Artificial Intelligence Methods for the Prediction of Hazardous Failures<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96936f4 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"96936f4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f04febc elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget-mobile__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f04febc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Original scientific paper<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-389228b elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget-mobile__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"389228b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">DOI: <a href=\"http:\/\/localhost\/mytestingsite\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/PVTC-Technical-Requirements.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7251\/JIT2302061S<\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73b8917 elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"73b8917\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/jita-au.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/10430-Article-Text-23890-1-10-20240103.pdf\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Download Article PDF<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-80faf79 elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"80faf79\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Abstract<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8cefffd elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8cefffd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The availability of real-time data on the state of railway facilities and the state-of-the art technologies for data collection and analysis allow transition to the fourth generation maintenance. It is based on the prediction of the facility functional safety and dependability and the risk-oriented facility management. The article describes an approach to assessing the risks of hazardous facility failures using the latest digital data processing methods. The implementation of this approach will help set maintenance objectives and contribute to the efficient use of resources and the reduction of railway facility managers\u2019 expenditures.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0c5e44b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0c5e44b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Keywords: predictive analysis, maintenance, functional safety, Big Data, Data Science, risk indicators.<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dee52ab wpr-logo-position-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-wpr-logo\" data-id=\"dee52ab\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"wpr-logo.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wpr-logo elementor-clearfix\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<picture class=\"wpr-logo-image\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/jita-au.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/cc-by-1.png\" alt=\"\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"wpr-logo-url\" rel=\"home\" aria-label=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/jita-au.com\/\"><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/picture>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"wpr-logo-url\" rel=\"home\" aria-label=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/jita-au.com\/\"><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5cb9871 elementor-widget elementor-widget-shortcode\" data-id=\"5cb9871\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"shortcode.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shortcode\"><div class=\"post-views content-post post-1276 entry-meta load-static\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"post-views-icon dashicons dashicons-chart-bar\"><\/span> <span class=\"post-views-label\">Post Views:<\/span> <span class=\"post-views-count\">811<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Vol. 13 No. 1 (2023): JITA &#8211; APEIRON Sini\u0161a Tomi\u0107, Dalibor Drlja\u010da Digitalization of Sound Using Pulse Code Modulation (PCM) Original scientific paper DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7251\/JIT2301042T Download Article PDF Abstract This paper focuses on Pulse Code Modulation (PCM) as a technology for digitizing analog signals. PCM is a widely used technique that enables precise encoding and transmission of analog information through digital pulse signals. The basic principles of PCM are explained here. PCM converts an analog signal into a digital form through sampling, quantization, and encoding. Sampling refers to the conversion of a continuous analog signal into discrete samples at regular time intervals. Then, quantization is applied to round each sample to the nearest possible quantization value, reducing the continuous range of values to discrete levels. Afterward, each quantized sample is encoded into a digital form. PCM is commonly used in various communication systems as well as in digital audio processing. In communication systems, PCM enables reliable transmission of voice signals, music, and other audio content over digital networks. In digital audio processing, PCM is used for recording, playback, and manipulation of sound, enabling high-quality reproduction and precise processing. Keywords: PCM, Pulse Code Modulation, Analog Signal Digitization, Sampling, Quantization, Pulse Signals. Vol. 26 No. 2 (2023): JITA &#8211; APEIRON Igor Shubinsky, Alexey Ozerov Application of Artificial Intelligence Methods for the Prediction of Hazardous Failures Original scientific paper DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7251\/JIT2302061S Download Article PDF Abstract The availability of real-time data on the state of railway facilities and the state-of-the art technologies for data collection and analysis allow transition to the fourth generation maintenance. It is based on the prediction of the facility functional safety and dependability and the risk-oriented facility management. The article describes an approach to assessing the risks of hazardous facility failures using the latest digital data processing methods. The implementation of this approach will help set maintenance objectives and contribute to the efficient use of resources and the reduction of railway facility managers\u2019 expenditures. Keywords: predictive analysis, maintenance, functional safety, Big Data, Data Science, risk indicators. Vol. 26 No. 2 (2023): JITA &#8211; APEIRON Igor Shubinsky, Alexey Ozerov Application of Artificial Intelligence Methods for the Prediction of Hazardous Failures Original scientific paper DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7251\/JIT2302061S Download Article PDF Abstract The availability of real-time data on the state of railway facilities and the state-of-the art technologies for data collection and analysis allow transition to the fourth generation maintenance. It is based on the prediction of the facility functional safety and dependability and the risk-oriented facility management. The article describes an approach to assessing the risks of hazardous facility failures using the latest digital data processing methods. The implementation of this approach will help set maintenance objectives and contribute to the efficient use of resources and the reduction of railway facility managers\u2019 expenditures. Keywords: predictive analysis, maintenance, functional safety, Big Data, Data Science, risk indicators.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":534,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"elementor_header_footer","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1276","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Digitalization of Sound Using Pulse Code Modulation(PCM) - JITA -Journal of Information Technology and Application<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/jita-au.com\/index.php\/2024\/03\/28\/digitalization-of-sound-using-pulse-code-modulationpcm\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Digitalization of Sound Using Pulse Code Modulation(PCM) - JITA -Journal of Information Technology and Application\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Vol. 13 No. 1 (2023): JITA &#8211; APEIRON Sini\u0161a Tomi\u0107, Dalibor Drlja\u010da Digitalization of Sound Using Pulse Code Modulation (PCM) Original scientific paper DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7251\/JIT2301042T Download Article PDF Abstract This paper focuses on Pulse Code Modulation (PCM) as a technology for digitizing analog signals. PCM is a widely used technique that enables precise encoding and transmission of analog information through digital pulse signals. The basic principles of PCM are explained here. PCM converts an analog signal into a digital form through sampling, quantization, and encoding. Sampling refers to the conversion of a continuous analog signal into discrete samples at regular time intervals. Then, quantization is applied to round each sample to the nearest possible quantization value, reducing the continuous range of values to discrete levels. Afterward, each quantized sample is encoded into a digital form. PCM is commonly used in various communication systems as well as in digital audio processing. In communication systems, PCM enables reliable transmission of voice signals, music, and other audio content over digital networks. In digital audio processing, PCM is used for recording, playback, and manipulation of sound, enabling high-quality reproduction and precise processing. Keywords: PCM, Pulse Code Modulation, Analog Signal Digitization, Sampling, Quantization, Pulse Signals. Vol. 26 No. 2 (2023): JITA &#8211; APEIRON Igor Shubinsky, Alexey Ozerov Application of Artificial Intelligence Methods for the Prediction of Hazardous Failures Original scientific paper DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7251\/JIT2302061S Download Article PDF Abstract The availability of real-time data on the state of railway facilities and the state-of-the art technologies for data collection and analysis allow transition to the fourth generation maintenance. It is based on the prediction of the facility functional safety and dependability and the risk-oriented facility management. The article describes an approach to assessing the risks of hazardous facility failures using the latest digital data processing methods. The implementation of this approach will help set maintenance objectives and contribute to the efficient use of resources and the reduction of railway facility managers\u2019 expenditures. Keywords: predictive analysis, maintenance, functional safety, Big Data, Data Science, risk indicators. Vol. 26 No. 2 (2023): JITA &#8211; APEIRON Igor Shubinsky, Alexey Ozerov Application of Artificial Intelligence Methods for the Prediction of Hazardous Failures Original scientific paper DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7251\/JIT2302061S Download Article PDF Abstract The availability of real-time data on the state of railway facilities and the state-of-the art technologies for data collection and analysis allow transition to the fourth generation maintenance. It is based on the prediction of the facility functional safety and dependability and the risk-oriented facility management. The article describes an approach to assessing the risks of hazardous facility failures using the latest digital data processing methods. The implementation of this approach will help set maintenance objectives and contribute to the efficient use of resources and the reduction of railway facility managers\u2019 expenditures. Keywords: predictive analysis, maintenance, functional safety, Big Data, Data Science, risk indicators.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/jita-au.com\/index.php\/2024\/03\/28\/digitalization-of-sound-using-pulse-code-modulationpcm\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"JITA -Journal of Information Technology and Application\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-03-28T15:00:25+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-04-03T09:52:02+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/jita-au.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/cover_issue_949_en_US.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"595\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"793\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/jita-au.com\/index.php\/2024\/03\/28\/digitalization-of-sound-using-pulse-code-modulationpcm\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/jita-au.com\/index.php\/2024\/03\/28\/digitalization-of-sound-using-pulse-code-modulationpcm\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"admin\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/jita-au.com\/#\/schema\/person\/d4becda53cfcbc99c449927eabf3877f\"},\"headline\":\"Digitalization of Sound Using Pulse Code Modulation(PCM)\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-03-28T15:00:25+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-04-03T09:52:02+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/jita-au.com\/index.php\/2024\/03\/28\/digitalization-of-sound-using-pulse-code-modulationpcm\/\"},\"wordCount\":488,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/jita-au.com\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/jita-au.com\/index.php\/2024\/03\/28\/digitalization-of-sound-using-pulse-code-modulationpcm\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/jita-au.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/cover_issue_949_en_US.jpg\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/jita-au.com\/index.php\/2024\/03\/28\/digitalization-of-sound-using-pulse-code-modulationpcm\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/jita-au.com\/index.php\/2024\/03\/28\/digitalization-of-sound-using-pulse-code-modulationpcm\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/jita-au.com\/index.php\/2024\/03\/28\/digitalization-of-sound-using-pulse-code-modulationpcm\/\",\"name\":\"Digitalization of Sound Using Pulse Code Modulation(PCM) - JITA -Journal of Information Technology and Application\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/jita-au.com\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/jita-au.com\/index.php\/2024\/03\/28\/digitalization-of-sound-using-pulse-code-modulationpcm\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/jita-au.com\/index.php\/2024\/03\/28\/digitalization-of-sound-using-pulse-code-modulationpcm\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/jita-au.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/cover_issue_949_en_US.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-03-28T15:00:25+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-04-03T09:52:02+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/jita-au.com\/index.php\/2024\/03\/28\/digitalization-of-sound-using-pulse-code-modulationpcm\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/jita-au.com\/index.php\/2024\/03\/28\/digitalization-of-sound-using-pulse-code-modulationpcm\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/jita-au.com\/index.php\/2024\/03\/28\/digitalization-of-sound-using-pulse-code-modulationpcm\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/jita-au.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/cover_issue_949_en_US.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/jita-au.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/cover_issue_949_en_US.jpg\",\"width\":595,\"height\":793},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/jita-au.com\/index.php\/2024\/03\/28\/digitalization-of-sound-using-pulse-code-modulationpcm\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/jita-au.com\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Digitalization of Sound Using Pulse Code Modulation(PCM)\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/jita-au.com\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/jita-au.com\/\",\"name\":\"JITA -Journal of Information Technology and Application\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/jita-au.com\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/jita-au.com\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/jita-au.com\/#organization\",\"name\":\"JITA -Journal of Information Technology and Application\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/jita-au.com\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/jita-au.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/jita-au.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/cropped-JITA-logo-300px-1-1.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/jita-au.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/cropped-JITA-logo-300px-1-1.jpg\",\"width\":300,\"height\":164,\"caption\":\"JITA -Journal of Information Technology and Application\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/jita-au.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"}},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/jita-au.com\/#\/schema\/person\/d4becda53cfcbc99c449927eabf3877f\",\"name\":\"admin\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/jita-au.com\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/fb1767673e75e9127846ff73b2b9e96214fba2d4675dc6799cec11e9b4380ca2?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/fb1767673e75e9127846ff73b2b9e96214fba2d4675dc6799cec11e9b4380ca2?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"admin\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/jita-au.com\"],\"url\":\"https:\/\/jita-au.com\/index.php\/author\/jita-au-com\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Digitalization of Sound Using Pulse Code Modulation(PCM) - JITA -Journal of Information Technology and Application","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/jita-au.com\/index.php\/2024\/03\/28\/digitalization-of-sound-using-pulse-code-modulationpcm\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Digitalization of Sound Using Pulse Code Modulation(PCM) - JITA -Journal of Information Technology and Application","og_description":"Vol. 13 No. 1 (2023): JITA &#8211; APEIRON Sini\u0161a Tomi\u0107, Dalibor Drlja\u010da Digitalization of Sound Using Pulse Code Modulation (PCM) Original scientific paper DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7251\/JIT2301042T Download Article PDF Abstract This paper focuses on Pulse Code Modulation (PCM) as a technology for digitizing analog signals. PCM is a widely used technique that enables precise encoding and transmission of analog information through digital pulse signals. The basic principles of PCM are explained here. PCM converts an analog signal into a digital form through sampling, quantization, and encoding. Sampling refers to the conversion of a continuous analog signal into discrete samples at regular time intervals. Then, quantization is applied to round each sample to the nearest possible quantization value, reducing the continuous range of values to discrete levels. Afterward, each quantized sample is encoded into a digital form. PCM is commonly used in various communication systems as well as in digital audio processing. In communication systems, PCM enables reliable transmission of voice signals, music, and other audio content over digital networks. In digital audio processing, PCM is used for recording, playback, and manipulation of sound, enabling high-quality reproduction and precise processing. Keywords: PCM, Pulse Code Modulation, Analog Signal Digitization, Sampling, Quantization, Pulse Signals. Vol. 26 No. 2 (2023): JITA &#8211; APEIRON Igor Shubinsky, Alexey Ozerov Application of Artificial Intelligence Methods for the Prediction of Hazardous Failures Original scientific paper DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7251\/JIT2302061S Download Article PDF Abstract The availability of real-time data on the state of railway facilities and the state-of-the art technologies for data collection and analysis allow transition to the fourth generation maintenance. It is based on the prediction of the facility functional safety and dependability and the risk-oriented facility management. The article describes an approach to assessing the risks of hazardous facility failures using the latest digital data processing methods. The implementation of this approach will help set maintenance objectives and contribute to the efficient use of resources and the reduction of railway facility managers\u2019 expenditures. Keywords: predictive analysis, maintenance, functional safety, Big Data, Data Science, risk indicators. Vol. 26 No. 2 (2023): JITA &#8211; APEIRON Igor Shubinsky, Alexey Ozerov Application of Artificial Intelligence Methods for the Prediction of Hazardous Failures Original scientific paper DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7251\/JIT2302061S Download Article PDF Abstract The availability of real-time data on the state of railway facilities and the state-of-the art technologies for data collection and analysis allow transition to the fourth generation maintenance. It is based on the prediction of the facility functional safety and dependability and the risk-oriented facility management. The article describes an approach to assessing the risks of hazardous facility failures using the latest digital data processing methods. The implementation of this approach will help set maintenance objectives and contribute to the efficient use of resources and the reduction of railway facility managers\u2019 expenditures. Keywords: predictive analysis, maintenance, functional safety, Big Data, Data Science, risk indicators.","og_url":"https:\/\/jita-au.com\/index.php\/2024\/03\/28\/digitalization-of-sound-using-pulse-code-modulationpcm\/","og_site_name":"JITA -Journal of Information Technology and Application","article_published_time":"2024-03-28T15:00:25+00:00","article_modified_time":"2024-04-03T09:52:02+00:00","og_image":[{"width":595,"height":793,"url":"https:\/\/jita-au.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/cover_issue_949_en_US.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"admin","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"admin","Est. reading time":"3 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/jita-au.com\/index.php\/2024\/03\/28\/digitalization-of-sound-using-pulse-code-modulationpcm\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/jita-au.com\/index.php\/2024\/03\/28\/digitalization-of-sound-using-pulse-code-modulationpcm\/"},"author":{"name":"admin","@id":"https:\/\/jita-au.com\/#\/schema\/person\/d4becda53cfcbc99c449927eabf3877f"},"headline":"Digitalization of Sound Using Pulse Code Modulation(PCM)","datePublished":"2024-03-28T15:00:25+00:00","dateModified":"2024-04-03T09:52:02+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/jita-au.com\/index.php\/2024\/03\/28\/digitalization-of-sound-using-pulse-code-modulationpcm\/"},"wordCount":488,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/jita-au.com\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/jita-au.com\/index.php\/2024\/03\/28\/digitalization-of-sound-using-pulse-code-modulationpcm\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/jita-au.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/cover_issue_949_en_US.jpg","inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/jita-au.com\/index.php\/2024\/03\/28\/digitalization-of-sound-using-pulse-code-modulationpcm\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/jita-au.com\/index.php\/2024\/03\/28\/digitalization-of-sound-using-pulse-code-modulationpcm\/","url":"https:\/\/jita-au.com\/index.php\/2024\/03\/28\/digitalization-of-sound-using-pulse-code-modulationpcm\/","name":"Digitalization of Sound Using Pulse Code Modulation(PCM) - JITA -Journal of Information Technology and Application","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/jita-au.com\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/jita-au.com\/index.php\/2024\/03\/28\/digitalization-of-sound-using-pulse-code-modulationpcm\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/jita-au.com\/index.php\/2024\/03\/28\/digitalization-of-sound-using-pulse-code-modulationpcm\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/jita-au.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/cover_issue_949_en_US.jpg","datePublished":"2024-03-28T15:00:25+00:00","dateModified":"2024-04-03T09:52:02+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/jita-au.com\/index.php\/2024\/03\/28\/digitalization-of-sound-using-pulse-code-modulationpcm\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/jita-au.com\/index.php\/2024\/03\/28\/digitalization-of-sound-using-pulse-code-modulationpcm\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/jita-au.com\/index.php\/2024\/03\/28\/digitalization-of-sound-using-pulse-code-modulationpcm\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/jita-au.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/cover_issue_949_en_US.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/jita-au.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/cover_issue_949_en_US.jpg","width":595,"height":793},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/jita-au.com\/index.php\/2024\/03\/28\/digitalization-of-sound-using-pulse-code-modulationpcm\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/jita-au.com\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Digitalization of Sound Using Pulse Code Modulation(PCM)"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/jita-au.com\/#website","url":"https:\/\/jita-au.com\/","name":"JITA -Journal of Information Technology and Application","description":"","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/jita-au.com\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/jita-au.com\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/jita-au.com\/#organization","name":"JITA -Journal of Information Technology and Application","url":"https:\/\/jita-au.com\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/jita-au.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/jita-au.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/cropped-JITA-logo-300px-1-1.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/jita-au.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/cropped-JITA-logo-300px-1-1.jpg","width":300,"height":164,"caption":"JITA -Journal of Information Technology and Application"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/jita-au.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"}},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/jita-au.com\/#\/schema\/person\/d4becda53cfcbc99c449927eabf3877f","name":"admin","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/jita-au.com\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/fb1767673e75e9127846ff73b2b9e96214fba2d4675dc6799cec11e9b4380ca2?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/fb1767673e75e9127846ff73b2b9e96214fba2d4675dc6799cec11e9b4380ca2?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"admin"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/jita-au.com"],"url":"https:\/\/jita-au.com\/index.php\/author\/jita-au-com\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/jita-au.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1276","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/jita-au.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/jita-au.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jita-au.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jita-au.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1276"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/jita-au.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1276\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1903,"href":"https:\/\/jita-au.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1276\/revisions\/1903"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jita-au.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/534"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/jita-au.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1276"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jita-au.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1276"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jita-au.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1276"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}